Asthma in Children

By Dr Majeed Jawad, Consultant Paediatrician

Asthma is the most common long-term condition among children and young people, affecting about one in every twelve children. Sadly, the UK has one of the highest rates of asthma-related deaths in Europe for this age group. The good news is that most of these deaths are preventable with proper management.

The exact cause of asthma isn’t fully understood, but it often runs in families. Children with asthma typically have extra-sensitive airways that react strongly to certain triggers. These triggers can include viruses, allergens (like pollen, pet dander or dust mites), exercise, and smoke.

Asthma symptoms can range from mild to severe. They include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest. These symptoms often get worse at night or after physical activity. In some cases, symptoms can escalate quickly and become life-threatening, especially in children under the age of five.

Asthma doesn’t just affect a child’s health; it can disrupt their everyday life too. It might limit their ability to join in physical activities or cause them to miss school due to frequent symptoms. Many children with asthma also feel anxious about the possibility of an asthma attack, particularly if they have severe allergies that make their condition more dangerous.

Getting an accurate diagnosis is the first step in managing asthma. While there’s no cure, a lot can be done to control the symptoms and improve a child’s quality of life. Most children use inhalers to deliver medicine directly to their lungs, often with the help of spacers. Some children may need additional treatments if their symptoms are harder to control.

With the right understanding, diagnosis, and treatment plan, asthma can be managed effectively, allowing children to lead more active and confident lives. It’s important for parents to work closely with their child’s doctor to create a clear management plan. Knowing what to do in case of worsening symptoms or an emergency can make a big difference and help prevent serious consequences.